Once the excitement of the holidays comes to a close, the deeper months of winter are approached and naturally, we undergo chemical changes that alter our personalities and mood. In the winter, sunlight is much more scarce and sets around 5-6 p.m., which throws off the schedule of our internal clocks, also known as circadian rhythm. Darkness outside is associated with the night and triggers a response within the brain, signaling that it is time to sleep. The sleep chemical, melatonin, is produced in much larger quantities during the winter due to the lack of daylight. In addition to the increase of melatonin, serotonin production decreases significantly as a result of the disruption in circadian rhythm. Serotonin is known as the body’s “happy” chemical and a mood booster.
Consequently, a lack of serotonin and an uneasy circadian rhythm can increase stress and how easily stressors have an impact on our bodies. The reaction you may have to a minor irritation in the spring or summer can become amplified in the winter. Also, due to our evolutional instincts, our nature promotes us to conserve energy in a time where food used to be scarce and seek comfort in harsh weather. Even now, we often stay inside more often, are less active, and crave more sugar, straying from our regular diet.
These inner changes on the chemical level of our functioning processes can lead to serious conditions. Known as the “winter blues,” it is common to have temporary feelings of sadness and lethargy in the winter. This labels a less severe condition which accounts for acute seasonal depression. However, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), is a harsher disorder that can span through the entirety of the fall and winter seasons. Symptoms of the disorder may include increased sleepiness, lack of motivation, and depression. Seasonal affective disorder can be debilitating in the colder seasons, but resolves itself entirely in the spring and summer.
Although these chemical changes are not preventable, actions can be taken to increase the amount of serotonin your body produces, to improve your mental state. Examples of activities include regular exercise, maintaining a healthy diet instead of giving in to cravings, increased socialization, and increased sleep. Incorporating activities that increase serotonin production can also help manage stress, which is another effect of decreased serotonin.
Despite the toll that winter weather can have on health, it is vital to prioritize mental and physical well-being.
